Mitral rheumatic valvulitis : clinical and developmental aspects . About 44 cases. National Center of Cardiology (Mauritania)

Abstract

Introduction : Rheumatic heart disease poses a public health problem in developing countries, which are endemic serious diseases that can be life threatening. The objective of the study : The aim of this work is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, para clinical and treatment of rheumatic valvular disease. Materials and methods : This is a retrospective study conducted from January 1 to June 30, 2014. Results : We had included 44 patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease; the average age was 31,45 of +/- 10 years with a female predominance (32 women 12 men, with a sex ratio of 0,375); the prevalence was 6,6% of cardiovascular diseases. The history of recurrent tonsillitis in childhood were found in 19 patients (43,2%). 9 patients (21%) were stage NYHA IV dyspnea, 12 (27%) in stage III, the Bouillaud balance was positif in 3 cases. 17 full arrhythmias with auricular fibrillation were noticed in the ECG with a thoracic index average 54.48 with 08%, pure mitral stenosis was noted in 20 patients (45%), mitral valve disease in 14 cases (32%) and mitral insufficiency in 10 patients (23%). Ten patients (22.7%) had undergone percutaneous mitral dilatation successfully with two women in labor. Eight (8) mitral valve replacement and two mitral plastic valve were also performed; complications were marked by two cases of ischemic stroke and 2 deaths. Conclusion : Rheumatic mitral valve disease remains one of the most common valvular heart disease in our countries with dreadful and expensive complications, that is why we emphasize the importance of prevention in countries with limited resources like ours.