Epidemiological aspects during the combination of anemia and malaria in a febrile patient in the emergency department of the military hospital in Nouakchott

Abstract

Introduction : The combination of anemia and malaria is a major issue in the management of severe malaria, which in Mauritania is one of the main causes of mortality, on the one hand, and in the ight against anemia, which are extremely serious pathologies, which are largely implicated in school failures on the other hand. Objective: The objective of the study was to elucidate the epidemic and biological epidemiological and biological interaction of malaria anemia in a hospital cohort in Mauritania in order to contribute to a better management of malaria and particularly that of cases of severe malaria, malaria is the main cause of mortality in the country. Method : This is a single‑center observational prospective study involving 1395 patients admitted to the Emergency Department of the Nouakchott Military Hospital in febrile condition. Results : The sex ratio H / F was 0.66 and the mean age of the sample was 33 ± 17.4. The incidence of anemia was 321 for 1395 or 23% and that of the patients was 202 patients out of 1395 or 14.5% of which 117 patients were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, a serious malaria agent, and 85 were parasitized by Plasmodium vivax. The combination of anemia and malaria was found in 115 out of 1395 patients (8.2%), of which 106 patients had moderate anemia and 9 had severe anemia. The incidence of anemia in malarious subjects was 115 cases for 202 parasitized patients (56.9%). Conclusion : Malaria accounts for 14.5% of febrile syndromes in our study population. Of the malarious subjects 57% are anemic to varying degrees. Patients with P. falciparum are more anemic than those with P. vivax. Malaria remains one of the etiologies most implicated in the occurrence of anemia in Mauritania