Annals of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities are committed to upholding the principles of integrity, transparency, and objectivity throughout all stages of the publication process. Relations among authors, editors, and reviewers are founded on trust, scholarly independence, the confidentiality of procedures, and fairness in evaluation.

1. Originality and Scientific Integrity

Authors undertake to submit original research that does not include any of the following:

     - Plagiarism or the use of material without proper attribution.

     - Fabrication, falsification, or alteration of data and results.

     - Presentation of ideas, data, or illustrations belonging to others as the author’s original work.

     - Direct quotations that are not placed within quotation marks and are not properly referenced to their sources.

The methodology, data, and results must be presented honestly and accurately. The limitations of the study, as well as any constraints that may affect the interpretation of its findings, must also be clearly stated.

2. Prohibition of Simultaneous Submission and Redundant Publication

The same manuscript may not be submitted simultaneously to more than one journal. Nor may it be republished in another language or in a modified form without disclosing the previous publication, explicitly citing it, and obtaining the necessary permissions.

Authors must also:

      - Disclose any results or data that have previously been published.

      - Clarify the relationship between the submitted manuscript and any other publication arising from the same research project.

    - Avoid unjustifiably dividing the results of a study into several publications of limited scholarly value.

3. Authorship and Scientific Responsibility

Authorship must be limited to individuals who have made a genuine scientific contribution to the conception, conduct, analysis, or revision of the research.

All authors undertake to:

• Review the final version of the manuscript and approve its submission.
• Designate a corresponding author responsible for communication with the journal.
• Share responsibility for the accuracy of the text, data, and references.
• Disclose their scientific contributions when requested by the Editorial Board.
• Provide justification for any request to add or remove an author’s name or to change the order of authors.

4. Privacy and Ethical Approval

Authors are required to respect individuals’ privacy and the confidentiality of data, correspondence, and documents that are not publicly available.

When the research involves participants, personal data, or materials requiring ethical approval, authors must:

• Comply with all applicable laws and institutional regulations.
• Obtain the required ethical approvals.
• Refrain from publishing information that may identify participants without their explicit consent.
• Refrain from using private correspondence or unpublished data without the authorization of their owners.

5. Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools

Artificial intelligence tools may not be regarded as authors or included in the list of authors. Full scientific and legal responsibility for the text, data, references, and results rests with the authors.

Any substantial use of such tools in content generation, data analysis, or the development of results must be clearly disclosed. Their use for language editing or improving the clarity of expression does not exempt authors from reviewing the text and verifying its accuracy and originality.

6. Correction of Errors and Retraction of Articles

Authors are required to inform the journal immediately upon discovering a substantial error in an accepted or published article and to cooperate with the Editorial Board in correcting the error or retracting the article when necessary.

The Editorial Board reserves the right to reject a manuscript, suspend the publication process, or retract an article when it is established that it involves:

• Plagiarism, falsification, or fabrication of data.
• Simultaneous submission or redundant publication.
• Violation of intellectual property rights.
• Misleading data or results.
• Any other form of research misconduct.

7. Neutrality and Professional Respect

All participants in the publication and peer-review process undertake to:

• Evaluate research on the basis of its scientific merit, without discrimination based on sex, origin, language, beliefs, or institutional affiliation.
• Avoid personal criticism and offensive language.
• Respect researchers’ views and represent their work fairly.
• Preserve the confidentiality of manuscripts, correspondence, and review outcomes.
• Refrain from exploiting unpublished information for personal or professional gain.

The ideas and opinions expressed in published articles are solely those of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal, the Faculty of Arts and Humanities, or the University of Nouakchott.